Introduction to Management. Lecture 1
What is Management?
Management: Getting work done through others.
Manager: Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished. His job is not about personal achievement, but helping others do their work.
Managers don’t always oversee the work of others; they also have certain work duties.
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Where do managers work?Managers are found in organizations.
An organization is a deliberate attempt to arrange people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Characteristics of organizations:
a.A distinct purpose – goals
b.Composed of people – people
c.Deliberate structure within which members do their work – structure
What do managers do?
Basically, management is what managers do – they manage.
Management: Involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency: Getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Also referred to as “doing things right”
Effectiveness: Engaging in work activities and ethics that will help the organization achieve its goals. Also referred to as “doing the right things”
Details of what managers do …
The Management Functions
Planning … Organizing … Leading … Controlling
Planning: Setting goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to coordinate activities.
Organising: Determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it.
Leading: Motivating, leading, and any other actions involved in dealing with people.
Controlling: Monitoring activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned.
3 Kinds of Managers
Three kinds of managers:
1.Top managers
2.Middle managers
3.First-line managers
Top Managers
•Positions like CEO, COO, CFO, CIO. They are responsible for the overall direction of the organization.
Responsibilities:
1.Creating context for change
2.Develop employee commitment to company’s performance
3.Creating positive organizational culture through language
4.Monitoring business environments
Middle Managers
•Positions like Plant Manager, Regional Manager, Divisional Manager. They are responsible for setting objectives consistent with top management’s goals, and for planning and implementing sub-unit strategies for achieving those objectives.
Responsibilities:
1.Plan and allocate resources to meet objectives.
2.Coordinate and link groups, departments, and divisions within a company.
3. Monitor and manage performance of sub-units and individual managers who report to them.
4. Implementing the changes or strategies generated by top managers.
First-Line Managers
•Positions like Office Manager, Shift Supervisor, Department Manager. Basically manage performance of entry-level employees.
Responsibilities:
1.Encourage, monitor and reward performance; also teach entry-level employees how to do their jobs
2.Prepare detailed schedules and operating plans based on middle management’s intermediate-range plans.
11 Managerial Roles
Henry Mintzberg concluded that managers fulfill three major roles while performing their jobs:
1.Interpersonal roles
2.Informational roles
3.Decisional roles
Managerial Roles
Interpersonal Roles
Figurehead role
Leader role
Liaison role
Informational Roles
Monitor role
Disseminator role
Spokesperson role
Decisional Roles
Entrepreneur role
Disturbance handler role
Negotiator role
Resource allocator role
What It Takes to be Manager
Technical skills: The ability to apply the specified procedures, techniques and knowledge required to get the job done.
Human skills: The ability to work well with others.
What It Takes to be Manager
Conceptual skills: The ability to see the organization as a whole, understand how the different parts affect each other, and recognize how the company fits into or is affected by its environment.
Motivation to Manage: An assessment of how enthusiastic employees are about managing the work of others.